{"id":1878,"date":"2025-06-09T16:22:30","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T19:22:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/?p=1878"},"modified":"2025-06-09T16:22:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T19:22:32","slug":"estrutura-e-formacao-de-palavras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/2025\/06\/09\/estrutura-e-formacao-de-palavras\/","title":{"rendered":"Estrutura e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Palavras"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:flex-end\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1878?action=genpdf&amp;id=1878\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img src=\"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Gerar PDF  \" style=\"width:auto; height:45px;\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">Vamos mergulhar no tema <strong>Estrutura e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Palavras na L\u00edngua Portuguesa<\/strong>, detalhando as regras, exemplificando de maneira did\u00e1tica e oferecendo dicas para memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o. O conte\u00fado foi elaborado de acordo com gram\u00e1ticas tradicionais (Cegalla, Bechara, Celso Cunha) e as principais fontes acad\u00eamicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Estrutura das Palavras<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1. Elementos Estruturais<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">As palavras na l\u00edngua portuguesa podem ser analisadas segundo seus elementos constitutivos, chamados <strong>morfemas<\/strong>. Os principais s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Radical<\/strong>: parte b\u00e1sica da palavra, que expressa o significado principal.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">am- (amar, am\u00e1vel, amante)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">flor- (flor, florista, florido)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Vogal tem\u00e1tica<\/strong>: vogal que liga o radical \u00e0s desin\u00eancias em alguns casos.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo em verbos:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">ama<strong>r<\/strong> (am-a-r)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">vend<strong>e<\/strong>r (vend-e-r)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">part<strong>i<\/strong>r (part-i-r)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo em nomes\/nominais n\u00e3o ocorre sempre, mas h\u00e1 casos como \u201cmenina\u201d (menin-a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Tema<\/strong>: radical + vogal tem\u00e1tica.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: am<strong>a<\/strong>&#8211; (tem\u00e1tico)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Desin\u00eancias<\/strong>: morfemas respons\u00e1veis por transmitir flex\u00f5es (tempo, modo, n\u00famero, pessoa, g\u00eanero).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Nominais<\/strong>: indicam g\u00eanero e n\u00famero. Exemplo: menin<strong>a<\/strong> (feminino), menin<strong>as<\/strong> (plural)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Verbais<\/strong>: indicam tempo, modo, n\u00famero, pessoa nos verbos. Exemplo: amar<strong>ei<\/strong> (futuro, 1\u00aa pessoa singular)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Afixos<\/strong>: morfemas que se unem ao radical para criar novas palavras.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Prefixos (antes do radical)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: infeliz (\u201cin-\u201d + \u201cfeliz\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Sufixos (ap\u00f3s o radical)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: rapidamente (\u201cr\u00e1pido\u201d + \u201c-mente\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Vogal de liga\u00e7\u00e3o \/ Consoante de liga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>: morfemas que aparecem para facilitar a pron\u00fancia.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: cafezal (\u201ccafez\u201d + \u201c-al\u201d com vogal de liga\u00e7\u00e3o), gas\u00f4metro (g\u00e1s + \u00f4metro)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dica de Memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Radical = raiz; prefixo &#8220;pre&#8221; = antes; sufixo &#8220;su&#8221; = depois. Lembre-se de \u201cPR\u00c9-fixo\u201d (antes) e \u201cSU-fixo\u201d (subsequente, depois).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2. Estrutura das Palavras<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Palavra<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Radical<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Prefixo<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Vogal Tem\u00e1tica<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Sufixo<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Desin\u00eancias<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>infeliz<\/td><td>feliz<\/td><td>in-<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>florista<\/td><td>flor<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>-ista<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>amareis<\/td><td>am<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>-a-<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>-reis<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Forma\u00e7\u00e3o das Palavras<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">As palavras podem ser formadas por <strong>deriva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> ou <strong>composi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Ocorre quando novas palavras resultam da adi\u00e7\u00e3o de afixos a um radical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1.1. Tipos de Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o Prefixal<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Adi\u00e7\u00e3o de um prefixo ao radical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cdesleal\u201d (des- + leal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o Sufixal<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Adi\u00e7\u00e3o de um sufixo ao radical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cfelizmente\u201d (feliz + -mente)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o Prefixal e Sufixal<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Simult\u00e2nea adi\u00e7\u00e3o de prefixo e sufixo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cinfelizmente\u201d (in- + feliz + -mente)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o Parassint\u00e9tica<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Prefixo e sufixo s\u00e3o acrescentados simultaneamente ao radical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Se um deles for retirado, a palavra perde o sentido.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cenvelhecer\u201d (en- + velho + -ecer). N\u00e3o existe &#8220;envelh-&#8221; nem &#8220;velhecer&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o Regressiva<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Forma\u00e7\u00e3o pela redu\u00e7\u00e3o de uma palavra derivada, normalmente um verbo a partir de um substantivo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cajudar\u201d (do substantivo \u201cajuda\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o Impr\u00f3pria<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Palavra passa a desempenhar outra fun\u00e7\u00e3o, mudando de classe gramatical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201co jantar\u201d (jantar normalmente \u00e9 verbo, aqui \u00e9 substantivo).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dica de Memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Prefixal = \u201cprefixo&#8221;; sufixal = \u201csu(fixo)&#8221;; para parassint\u00e9tica pense em \u201cparam\u201d (prefixo + sufixo ao <strong>mesmo tempo<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. Composi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de uma palavra por meio da aglutina\u00e7\u00e3o ou justaposi\u00e7\u00e3o de dois ou mais radicais (palavras j\u00e1 existentes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.1. Composi\u00e7\u00e3o por Justaposi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">As palavras se unem, mas conservam sua estrutura e integridade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cgirassol\u201d (gira + sol), \u201cpassatempo\u201d, \u201cpontap\u00e9\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.2. Composi\u00e7\u00e3o por Aglutina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">As palavras se unem, mas h\u00e1 perda de elementos fon\u00e9ticos (altera\u00e7\u00e3o na estrutura).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cplanalto\u201d (plano + alto = <em>planalto<\/em>), \u201caguardente\u201d (\u00e1gua + ardente).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dica de Memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Justaposi\u00e7\u00e3o = juntas, mas \u00edntegras (sem perder letras); aglutina\u00e7\u00e3o = \u201cgrudam\u201d e perdem partes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3. Outros Processos de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Abrevia\u00e7\u00e3o ou Redu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cfoto\u201d (fotografia), \u201cmoto\u201d (motocicleta).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Onomatopeia<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Palavras que imitam sons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201ctic-tac\u201d, \u201cmiau\u201d, \u201czum-zum\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Hibridismo<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de palavras por elementos de idiomas diferentes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cautom\u00f3vel\u201d (auto=grego, m\u00f3vel=latim).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Neologismo<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Cria\u00e7\u00e3o de novos termos por necessidade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Exemplo: \u201cinternet\u00eas\u201d (internet + \u00eas).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Exemplos de An\u00e1lise Completa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Palavra<\/th><th>Radical<\/th><th>Prefixo<\/th><th>Sufixo<\/th><th>Desin\u00eancia<\/th><th>Forma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><th>Observa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>desfavor\u00e1vel<\/td><td>favor<\/td><td>des-<\/td><td>-\u00e1vel<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o prefixal+sufixal<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>queimadura<\/td><td>queim<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>-adura<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o sufixal<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>passarinho<\/td><td>pass<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>-arinho<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Deriva\u00e7\u00e3o sufixal<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>passatempo<\/td><td>pass + tempo<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Composi\u00e7\u00e3o justaposi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>planalto<\/td><td>plan + alto (plano + alto)<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Composi\u00e7\u00e3o aglutina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><td>\u201cplano\u201d &gt; \u201cplan-\u201d + \u201calto\u201d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Dicas Gerais de Memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Prefixos<\/strong> quase sempre mudam o sentido da palavra.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">\u201cDes-\u201d pode indicar nega\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201cdesconhecido\u201d = n\u00e3o conhecido.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Sufixos<\/strong> geralmente mudam a classe gramatical.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">&#8220;-dade&#8221; convierte adjetivo em substantivo: bondade (de bom).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Quando ambos (prefixo + sufixo) forem necess\u00e1rios para criar sentido, pense em \u201cparam\u201d (parass\u00edntese).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Para distinguir justaposi\u00e7\u00e3o e aglutina\u00e7\u00e3o, veja se as palavras perderam alguma letra\/parte ao se unir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Onomatopeias sempre imitam sons da natureza ou do cotidiano.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Fontes de Refer\u00eancia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Cegalla, D. P.\u202f\u2015\u202f<strong>Nov\u00edssima Gram\u00e1tica da L\u00edngua Portuguesa<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Cunha, Celso &amp; Cintra, Lindley \u2013 <strong>Nova Gram\u00e1tica do Portugu\u00eas Contempor\u00e2neo<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Bechara, Evanildo \u2013 <strong>Moderna Gram\u00e1tica Portuguesa<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Faraco &amp; Moura \u2013 <strong>Gram\u00e1tica Fundamental da L\u00edngua Portuguesa<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vamos mergulhar no tema Estrutura e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Palavras na L\u00edngua Portuguesa, detalhando as regras, exemplificando de maneira did\u00e1tica e oferecendo dicas para memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o. O conte\u00fado foi elaborado de acordo com gram\u00e1ticas tradicionais (Cegalla, Bechara, Celso Cunha) e as principais fontes acad\u00eamicas. 1. Estrutura das Palavras 1.1. Elementos Estruturais As palavras na l\u00edngua portuguesa podem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[216,223],"tags":[23,211],"class_list":["post-1878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-portugues","category-estrutura-e-formacao-de-palavras","tag-resumo","tag-questoes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1878"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1878\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1879,"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1878\/revisions\/1879"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/colegadeclasse.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}